Dr. Yulia Galyamova points out that dandruff is a sign of increased scalp flaking, and may result from several different causes.
Galiyamova said that dandruff can result from several factors, including poor hygiene, poor nutrition, and an imbalance of beneficial bacteria in the scalp.
She explained that one of the main causes of dandruff is a fungus from the genus Malassezia, which is part of the skin's natural flora but can begin to multiply excessively under certain conditions. She added that this fungus prefers oily environments, so it often appears in people with excess sebum production on the scalp, leading to inflammation and accelerated shedding of skin cells.
She emphasized that both excessive and insufficient hygiene can contribute to dandruff, noting that frequent hair washing with harsh products can dry out the scalp and weaken its protective barrier, leading to flaking. Conversely, washing hair too infrequently can lead to a buildup of oil and dead skin cells, creating a favorable environment for microbial growth.
She added that scalp health is also affected by internal factors, such as an unbalanced diet, particularly one high in sugars and trans fats, which can affect sebum (skin oil) composition. Hormonal fluctuations also play a direct role in the activity of the sebaceous glands, which can contribute to dandruff.
She pointed out that dandruff can sometimes be a symptom of skin conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis, and occasionally of other rare skin conditions. Therefore, she emphasized that if a person cannot determine the cause themselves, or if the dandruff is accompanied by itching and redness, it is essential to consult a doctor.
