Amnesty International has stated in a report that India has become a key part of Israel's military supply chain during the Gaza War. The report cites nine Indian companies exporting weapons and military components, including three Indian government-owned defense enterprises.
New Delhi: Amnesty International on July 29 alleged that India has continued to supply arms, ammunition and military equipment components to Israel despite "clear and public warnings" about alleged war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide in Gaza.
The organisation said India has now become 'a vital part of the supply chain that makes Israel's military operations possible'.
In its 42-page report titled 'Made in India: The Supply of Weapons and Ammunition to Israel', Amnesty International said it had identified 2,596 shipments from India to Israel between 7 October 2023, when Israel's military operation in Gaza began following Hamas attacks, and 30 November 2025. These shipments included small arms, ammunition, and parts used in military vehicles.
Based on publicly available shipment-level trade data, Amnesty International said its investigation documented the "extent and pervasiveness of India's material support for the Israeli Defence Force and the alleged genocide being committed against Palestinians in Gaza."
The organisation's investigators say that after careful scrutiny, they have identified the export of at least 390,516 military-grade weapons components, 564,970 explosive ordnance components, including drone warheads and artillery shell casings, and 298 military vehicle components.
Amnesty stated that while some countries providing arms and military equipment to Israel have faced sustained international scrutiny and criticism, others have largely escaped such scrutiny. The organization alleges that "India has now become a vital part of the supply chains that enable Israel's military operations. Amnesty International, the United Nations, and local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have recognized these operations as constituting genocide against Palestinians."
According to figures released by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), citing Palestinian Ministry of Health data, more than 73,000 Palestinians had been killed and over 173,500 injured in Gaza as of July 1. More than 1,000 of these deaths occurred after the ceasefire came into effect on October 10, 2025.
Who are the exporting companies?
Amnesty International has identified nine Indian companies that it says continued to export arms, ammunition, parts and dual-use items to Israel despite clear and public warnings about the potential for war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide by the Israeli military and its decision-makers in the Gaza Strip.
According to the report, three of these companies are Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) under the Ministry of Defence, which operate under the full ownership and control of the Government of India.
According to Amnesty, Munitions India Limited (MIL) exported 1,000 155mm high-explosive artillery shells to Elbit Systems. Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited shipped 120 81mm mortar launchers to the same Israeli company in February 2024.
According to the report, a third state-owned company, India Optel Limited (IOL), exported 178 semiconductor devices, including vanadium oxide sensors, to Semiconductor Devices Limited, a joint venture between Elbit Systems and Rafael Advanced Defense Systems.
Amnesty argues that since these three companies are owned and controlled by the Indian government, their exports should be considered state (government) action. The organization stated that, according to the criteria set by a seven-judge Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court, these three companies are financially, administratively, and functionally controlled by the government.
The report also states that these companies meet the criterion of "absolute dependence" set by the International Court of Justice (ICJ), which ultimately considers an entity to be an instrumentality of the state.
The report states, "When MIL, IOL, and Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited send weapons to Israel, they do so as government entities. This means that the Indian government is transferring weapons to Israel, and India's international legal responsibilities as a producer country also apply."
The Wire had earlier reported in May 2024 that Munitions India Limited had received approval to send weapons to Israel in January of that year.
According to Amnesty, military exports by private Indian companies were much larger than those by government companies.
According to the report, PLR Systems Pvt Ltd, a joint venture between the Adani Group and Israel Weapon Industries (IWI), exported 10,571 parts and 33,033 bolt carriers of IWI Negev machine guns.
Similarly, Indo-MIM Private Limited exported over 59,637 automatic sears. These are internal components of weapons that enable them to fire in fully automatic mode.
Kalyani Strategic Systems Limited, a subsidiary of Bharat Forge, exported 9,600 155 mm artillery shells to Israel Military Industries, a subsidiary of Elbit Systems.
The report also mentions exports by Alpha Elsec Defence and Aerospace Systems Private Limited, a joint venture with Elbit Systems. This company exported 122 explosive warheads marked 'WH 5 KG Armed Assy' in December 2025.
Amnesty states that only the Skystriker loitering munition is included in Elbit Systems' weapons that use a 5-kilogram warhead. According to the report, remains of this weapon have been found in several locations in Gaza, including in Khan Younis in April 2025.
