A recent study revealed that some snacks made from grains and corn may contain mycotoxins linked to health risks, including organ damage and an increased likelihood of developing certain types of cancer.
The study focused on the effect of these toxins on pregnant women, with researchers monitoring the diets of 33 pregnant women and analyzing urine samples during three different stages of pregnancy, with the aim of measuring levels of exposure to compounds known as innate estrogens.
Researchers from Rutgers University found at least one type of mycotoxin in all urine samples collected, with zearalenone being the most prevalent, appearing in most samples during different stages of pregnancy.
Mycotoxins are toxic substances produced by certain types of mold and fungi that can persist in food even under harsh conditions. Exposure to some of these toxins has been linked to liver damage, an increased risk of liver cancer, kidney and immune system problems, and growth disorders.
The study results showed that women who consumed corn and other grain products in the 24 hours prior to providing a urine sample had higher levels of innate estrogens, suggesting that these foods may be a source of exposure to these compounds.
The study's lead author, Zurimar Rivera-Nunez, said the findings underscore the importance of grains and grain products as a major factor in pregnant women's exposure to natural estrogens in the United States, noting that identifying the most exposed groups helps in understanding the reasons for the high levels of these toxins and in developing measures to protect the health of mother and child.
The study also showed differences in exposure levels among participants, with Hispanic women recording higher levels of mycotoxins, coinciding with their consumption of larger quantities of corn products compared to others, including popcorn and corn flakes.
Zeralenone is among the compounds monitored by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under its Mycotoxin in Food program, but the FDA has not yet established a maximum permissible level for this contaminant in food products. In contrast, the European Commission has set limits for its levels in certain foods, such as cereals, baked goods, and baby food.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates that mycotoxins may contaminate about 25% of agricultural crops worldwide, and their sources are not limited to corn and grains, but can also be found in foods such as apples, celery, dried fruits, peanuts and rice.
Experts advise reducing exposure to these toxins by storing food in clean, dry places, and avoiding consuming foods or drinks that show signs of mold or have passed their "best before" date.
