Nothing in the world is easier than time travel, just wait 5 minutes and you will have cut that time to the independent, so simply! We are actually traveling in time to the future at a rate of one second per second. But that's definitely not what readers, time travel enthusiasts, and science fiction buffs are looking for, is it?!
Project Adam
The pilot "Adam" flies his plane to escape those who are chasing him, so he fires a missile in the air that opens a time gate that takes him from the year 2050 to the year 2020. , a technology that Adam's father works on that caused the invention of time travel technology, but the owner of the company in which his father works took advantage of the project to control the technology and control the world.
Adam and his younger self, along with their father, succeed in destroying Project Adam after fighting with the company's owner, Suryan, and her soldiers from the future to stop them. Suryan had changed the future by visiting herself in the past and providing her younger self with valuable information that enabled her to take control, but the "heroes" succeed in eliminating her and destroying the device; Thus saving the future.
This is the summary of a science fiction movie that I watched a while ago, and the question here is: Can a person travel through time, especially to the past? Is it possible for him to meet and interact with himself? Can he change the events of the past to influence the future?
Einstein's theories and time travel through black holes and wormholes
Perhaps the most famous physicist, Albert Einstein, is not associated in most people's minds with the topic of time travel, and they remember it because of the famous theory of relativity, however Einstein's theory of time travel was one of the most studied hypotheses in this field.
Related to the theory of relativity are also two theories of Einstein that many people are ignorant of. They are the general theory of relativity and the special theory of relativity. The first describes how time is affected by massive objects, such as planets and black holes; As a result of the massive masses of these objects and their great gravity, time slows down significantly. As for special relativity, it states that time moves faster for accelerating objects, and it also says that no object can move at the speed of light.
Einstein's time travel theory is built around the two theories of relativity, and in general, according to that theory, any object moving at the speed of light can be able to travel to the future, and it also indicates that traveling to the future is only possible, and it is impossible to travel to the past.
According to some scientists, time travel to the future may be possible by getting close enough to the event horizon of a black hole without swallowing you, because the black hole with its enormous gravity slows down time.
In principle, by maintaining this "safe" distance one can travel centuries into the future for outside observers, even though a few hours or days may have elapsed for the time traveler, this is known as "time dilation".
Scientists believe that, in theory, there can be bipolar black holes connecting different regions of the universe, and as a result, they form a circular time loop called a "wormhole".
Like the black hole, the wormhole has a huge gravitational field that is able to bend “space-time”, allowing travel to the future, but it differs that the wormhole has a rotating central ring, and it may be possible to pass through the middle of that “empty” ring to a white hole on the side The other, the substance is expelled from it later.
Most theories say that time travel - if it is achieved at some point in the future - will be one-way travel to the future only, as it is impossible to travel to the past, but some theories of travel through wormholes talk about the possibility of crossing in both directions.
Grandfather's paradox
Unlike travel to the future, time travel to the past raises many concerns due to time paradoxes, most notably what is known as the "grandfather paradox", which is a common expression of many other paradoxes that all deal with contradictions in logic and/or history that arise when A time traveler commits any act that not only changes the time traveler's past, but changes the past and possibly the future of anyone who is in any way connected to the changing event.
The grandfather paradox says that if a person manages to travel to the past and reaches a time that allows him to kill his grandfather, then it creates a paradox, because killing the grandfather prevents the birth of at least one of the parents, which logically prevents the birth of the person himself, and therefore who will kill the grandfather?
Concerned physicists and philosophers are unable to find a clear solution to this paradox, as philosophical treatments highlight that a time traveler will not be able to change the past, and can only act in a manner consistent with what has already happened, because killing one's grandfather in the past will effectively prevent one's existence in the future; This makes it impossible for the grandson to travel to the past to kill his grandfather because he would not have existed in the first place.
As for physical treatments, they focus on the impossibility of traveling to the past, which requires traveling at a speed greater than the speed of light, which is beyond the human ability, but according to some theories, this is possible using the “time dilation” hypothesis of the wormhole as a time machine.
The twin paradox
The best example of the "time dilation" hypothesis is what is known as the "twin paradox", where one of the twins travels at a speed close to the speed of light, and thus ages at a slower rate than the twin who remained on Earth. If this traveler spends a whole year - for example - traveling at a speed close to the speed of light light, it will pass tens of thousands of years on Earth; Therefore, the traveling twin - in this paradox - will be one year older, while his other twin brother on Earth will have died tens of thousands of years before his brother returned to Earth.
And this time dilation occurs in one direction only. In other words, when the traveling twin returns to Earth, it will arrive in its own future. While he is hardly old in his own terms, the Earth and everything on it have grown by tens of thousands of years. From the point of view of historians and historical records on Earth, the traveling twin would have arrived from somewhere in the Earth's deep past, and it is this same dilemma that makes it difficult to solve the aforementioned ancestor paradox.
In theory, traveling faster than the speed of light for a few seconds would make our time traveler turn back in time and put him in a position where he could kill his grandfather. However, the problem is that in the few seconds that a time traveler spends traveling at near the speed of light, his grandfather will have aged at the same rate as everyone else on Earth, and the grandfather may have already given birth to a son making it Useless for the time traveler to kill him.
One way to get around this puzzle is to build a time machine that can travel at high multiples of the speed of light. In theory, this would require a time traveler to spend only a few microseconds traveling at several times the speed of light, but the problem with this is that in the current state of our technology the speed of light cannot exceed the speed of light, plus our time traveler will not survive the initial acceleration and will prevent it Death actually killed his grandfather.
Change the past and the butterfly effect
But if we assume that time travel to the past is possible, and all the traveler wants is to change a small event in the past in order to reflect positively on his future, as it is in the movie “The Adam Project”, is it possible to modify the future by changing the past?
The answer to this question is complicated, because of the so-called "butterfly effect", which says that changing small, seemingly trivial events will generate a sequential chain of successive results and developments that will eventually have consequences that exceed the size of the stages of the beginning event, and in a way that no one expects, and in places The farther from the expectation, the greater the change it brings about, or the earlier it travels, the greater the impact it will have on the present, and may be devastating.
Most theories assume that a time traveler can meet his younger self, but he will not be able to change the future, meaning that a time traveler may be able to influence the past, but he will never be able to modify or change the timeline of history.
In this regard, a study appeared two years ago by two researchers from the University of Queensland in Australia that hypothesizes that if time travel is possible, time paths have the ability to correct themselves so that the future - from which the time traveler came - maintains its original position.
The two researchers (student Germaine Topar, the author of the study, and Dr. Fabio Costa) say that if we assume that travel to the past is possible, and you decide to travel to 2019 to prevent the occurrence of the Corona pandemic by isolating patient number zero (the first infected with the virus), the virus will find another way to infect a person. else; And the pandemic will always happen. There is also a paradox related to this, if you succeed in isolating patient zero, which is that your future self will not have decided to travel to the past in the first place because the pandemic would not have occurred, and here we enter a vicious circle.
The two researchers relied on the general theory of relativity and a number of very complex calculations, and concluded that regardless of the attempts made by the time traveler to change the past, it will not have an effect on the future, and that events will happen as they are destined to take place. According to Topar, "events will adjust around anything that can cause a paradox, so that the paradox no longer exists," and anything you tried to change in the past will be corrected by subsequent events.
Back to Project Adam
Project Adam's film is based on 3 elements that most researchers find impossible to achieve; It is the possibility of traveling to the past, the possibility of the traveler interacting with himself, and finally changing the events of the past in order to change the future.
According to most theories, if it is possible in the future to travel in time, it will only be in one direction to the future. But if a person ever manages to travel to the past, he will be chased by the “butterfly effect” theory; Therefore, any modification he implements in the events of the past will have a significant impact and may be destructive in the future time in a manner other than what the person expected, and according to modern theories, the course of future history cannot be changed no matter how much the time traveler tries to modify it, and the future will find a way to correct its course The way it is meant to be.
In the end, time travel remains just theories based mainly on the possibility of traveling at or times the speed of light, and on the existence or creation of wormholes that penetrate the “space-time” barrier, and these issues are far from the truth now, but no one is working on what the future holds for us.
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SCIENCE UPDATE