Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, causing a gradual decline in memory, thinking, and daily functioning. It results from the accumulation of toxic proteins in the brain and a loss of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter vital for learning and memory. While current medications can temporarily alleviate symptoms, they do not halt the progression of the disease.
The study showed that some compounds in the aloe vera plant may inhibit two key enzymes associated with memory decline, namely acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butylcholinesterase (BChE).
Scientists said that the aloe vera plant (L. Burm. f.) has been used for more than 3,000 years in diverse cultures, and is known today for its benefits in skincare and health.
Scientists examined several molecules extracted from aloe vera and found that the compound "beta-sitosterol" was the most effective.
Maryam Khadrawi, the study's lead author, said: "Beta-sitosterol has shown high stability, making it a promising candidate for developing new drugs."
Using molecular docking simulations and dynamics, it was shown that beta-sitosterol binds strongly to both AChE and BChE enzymes, which means that it may be effective in inhibiting their activity, outperforming other compounds such as succinic acid.
Khadrawi added: "These results highlight its potential as a dual inhibitor, which could be crucial in managing Alzheimer's disease."
The study also included ADMET analysis (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) to predict the behavior of the compounds within the body. The results showed that beta-sitosterol and succinic acid possess positive properties, including good absorption and low toxicity.
Samir Shtita, one of the study's authors, said: "This analysis supports the potential of these compounds as safe and effective therapeutic agents."
Scientists emphasize that the results are still in the computer simulation stage, and that laboratory studies and clinical trials are necessary to confirm the practical benefits.
This study forms the basis for further exploration into the potential of aloe vera compounds for treating Alzheimer's.
The study was published in the journal Current Pharmaceutical Analysis.
