According to the doctor, dandruff may appear in some people due to dry skin , while in others it is caused by increased oil production and microbial activity . Therefore, there is no one-size-fits-all solution, and shampoo ingredients and their mechanisms of action vary depending on scalp type and the underlying cause of dandruff. This means that a product that is effective for one person may be ineffective for another due to the different causes of dandruff and the difficulty some people have in getting rid of it.
The expert points out that dandruff is often linked to the activity of the Malassezia fungus , which is present on the scalp of most people. Dandruff usually doesn't cause any discomfort, but when sebum production changes or the skin's natural protective functions are weakened, the fungus begins to multiply significantly, leading to irritation, itching, and flaking . Sometimes the cause is dry skin, harsh cleansing, or frequent use of heat styling tools . In these cases, dandruff appears as a fine, light-colored powder, accompanied by an unpleasant sensation. Therefore, it's essential to determine the cause of the dandruff before choosing any product.
Dr. Othman explains that the composition of dandruff shampoo directly determines its effectiveness. These products often contain antifungal ingredients such as ketoconazole, miconazole, or zinc pyrithione , which work by inhibiting the activity of microorganisms, reducing flaking, and relieving itching.
The doctor recommends using a shampoo containing salicylic acid to exfoliate dead skin cells, cleanse the scalp, and improve the absorption of active ingredients. Shampoos formulated for oily skin may also contain ingredients that regulate sebum production, such as niacinamide , which helps control oil secretion. For milder cases, formulas that focus on moisturizing and softening the scalp are used, employing panthenol, allantoin, plant extracts, and other hydrating ingredients to soothe the scalp and support its protective barrier.
