A recent study has shown that following a specific diet, according to gender, can increase life expectancy by up to three years.
An analysis of more than 100,000 people in the UK, conducted by a team from Queen Mary University of London and Tongji Medical College in China, found that women benefit most from following a modified version of the Mediterranean diet. This diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, fish, and healthy fats, while limiting red and processed meats. The study specifically highlights the importance of focusing on whole grains, such as quinoa, brown rice, and oats, as these were linked to an increase in life expectancy of up to 2.3 years in middle age.
Conversely, a diet designed to prevent type 2 diabetes was the most beneficial for men, adding up to three years to life expectancy at age 45. This diet focuses on consuming fiber-rich foods, such as fruits and nuts, along with coffee and healthy fats, while limiting red and processed meats and sugary drinks.
Despite the differences in details between the two systems, they share basic principles, most notably increasing the intake of plant-based foods and healthy fats, and reducing processed foods and sugars.
The researchers explained that they found a clear link between adherence to healthy diets and a reduced risk of death, particularly from cancer and respiratory diseases. They suggest that these benefits are due to the fiber, antioxidants, and flavonoids in these diets, which help improve metabolism, reduce inflammation, and promote gut health.
The results also showed that some foods are generally beneficial regardless of diet type; the risk of premature death was reduced in people who consumed large amounts of fruits and vegetables, drank tea, or ate nuts. Conversely, excessive consumption of sugary drinks, sweets, and processed meats was associated with an increased risk of premature death.
The researchers confirmed that the effect of diet remained evident even after accounting for genetic factors, indicating that following a healthy dietary pattern can prolong life regardless of genetic predisposition.
The study was published in the journal Science Advances.
