The only goal of the match was scored towards the end of the first half by Martin Satriano.
This result means Madrid are now four points behind Barcelona, who lead the standings with 64 points.
Meanwhile, this important victory lifted Getafe to 11th place with a collection of 32 points, as reported on the official LaLiga website.
Real Madrid immediately put the pressure on from the start. In the second minute, Vinicius Junior had a chance with a shot that went wide of the Getafe goal.
The visitors responded a minute later through Juan Iglesias's attempt, but it was off target.
David Soria began to show his toughness in the 13th minute by making two crucial saves against Gonzalo Garcia and Vinicius.
He again thwarted Real Madrid's chances in the 24th minute by tipping Arda Guler's shot over the bar.
