Researchers have discovered that moderate exercise in middle age, such as brisk walking, hiking, or cycling, has the greatest effect on the brain and prevents the development of dementia in old age.
According to Dr. Mikhail Polkov, a researcher at the Institute of Aging Studies at the Russian Center for Clinical Research in Geriatric Medicine at Pirogov Medical University, physical activity brings about a real change in the brain, activating a series of signals in cells that stimulate their division and renewal, and also enhances neuroplasticity.
It indicates that muscles secrete several hormones (myokines), including irisin and BDNF, which, among other things, protect nerve cells in the brain and affect neuroplasticity, i.e., the formation of connections in the brain and memory.
He says: "Lactic acid works in the same way. It has been shown that when it penetrates the brain, it activates genes responsible for the plasticity of nerve cells. It boosts insulin-like growth factor 1, which is produced more with physical activity and enters the brain from the bloodstream during exercise, and helps remove amyloid plaques (an indicator of Alzheimer's disease) from brain tissue.
According to him, physical activity undoubtedly helps maintain cognitive health, and this isn't limited to sports; it also includes housework, walking, and gardening. Physical activity also boosts endorphin production, which improves mood and provides social interaction, both of which are crucial for cognitive health. He emphasizes that physical activity affects the brain at all ages, so it's never too late to start.
However, he also emphasizes that any non-pharmaceutical methods for preserving brain youth require training, as changes occur gradually. Furthermore, training does not replace appropriate treatment for any accompanying medical conditions, and it is crucial to follow a doctor's recommendations.
