Contrary to popular belief, scientists have discovered that heat receptors in the skin are not specialized in sensing heat only, but act as universal sensors capable of detecting both cold and heat.
The researchers pointed out that dysfunction of these receptors may be linked to a number of diseases, including multiple sclerosis, diabetes, as well as changes that occur with aging.
They explained that it was previously believed that the skin contained separate nerve cells for sensing cold and others for sensing heat. However, recent studies have shown that many heat receptors function as universal "sensors" that respond to both. The lower the temperature, the more active these cells become, while their activity decreases as the temperature rises.
Researchers studied this phenomenon in mice using advanced imaging techniques, focusing on temperatures familiar to humans in their daily lives, such as the sensation of entering a cold room or relaxing in a warm bath. Although these sensations are not painful, they play a vital role, as heat receptors are the first to detect changes on the body's surface and send signals to the brain. The proper functioning of these cells is essential for maintaining a stable internal environment and regulating body temperature.
Thousands of heat-sensitive nerve cells respond / University of Queensland
Researchers have confirmed that understanding how heat receptors work could improve the diagnosis and treatment of body temperature regulation disorders. These "heat sensors" can malfunction in conditions such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, or after spinal cord injuries. Their efficiency may also decline with age, which could explain why older adults have a reduced tolerance to high temperatures.
