Cardiologist Dr. Anastasia Buskakalova reported that atypical myocardial infarction is more common among the elderly and diabetic patients.
According to her, a person may feel pain in another area of the chest, abdomen, or back, instead of the usual squeezing or burning pain behind the sternum, which lasts for more than 20 minutes and may extend to the left arm, neck, jaw, or below the shoulder blade.
She said: "Atypical myocardial infarction may sometimes present as sudden shortness of breath, severe weakness, nausea or vomiting, cold and clammy sweats, and a feeling of irregular heartbeat. In some cases, there may be no symptoms at all."
The doctor pointed out the need to be cautious if these symptoms persist for more than 20 minutes during rest and do not disappear.
She said: "In this case, an ambulance should be called as soon as possible to perform an electrocardiogram, as this greatly increases the chances of successful treatment."
It should be noted that the prevention of myocardial infarction is closely linked to a healthy lifestyle and regular monitoring of risk factors.
She said: "It is very important to quit smoking in all its forms. A balanced diet should also be followed, including sources of protein, complex carbohydrates, healthy fats, vitamins and minerals. Salt intake should be limited, as well as foods high in saturated and trans fats, such as sausages and potato chips."
She added that regular physical activity is equally important, explaining that adults are advised to engage in 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity per week, or at least 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity. Activities such as brisk walking, swimming, and cycling are good options.
She said: "In addition, it is important to maintain a regular sleep pattern, as adults are advised to sleep an average of seven to eight hours a day."
The doctor recommended monitoring blood pressure for early detection of cardiovascular disease risks.
According to her, regular preventive checkups, including an electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood tests to measure cholesterol and glucose levels, should be performed every three years for people aged 18 to 40, provided previous tests were normal. After age 40, these tests should be done annually. She also recommends, starting at age 40, having a carotid ultrasound every three years, which helps detect atherosclerosis at an early stage.
