Russian scientists have developed a new porous material based on a highly flexible titanium alloy, which has mechanical properties closer to bone tissue compared to traditional metal implants.
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This will allow for more even pressure distribution and reduce implant erosion, according to TASS, citing the press service of the National Research Technical University "MISIS".
Konstantin Lukasevich, an assistant researcher at MISIS University, said: "If the implant is stiffer than the bone, it bears the brunt of the stress, which can lead to stress blockage and the gradual destruction of bone tissue. Therefore, we did not seek maximum durability, but rather a combination of properties that makes the implant and bone function as one."
Scientists explained that various bone implants are typically made from titanium-based materials, which possess a high level of biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. To increase their durability, corrosion resistance, and improve their mechanical properties, materials scientists add various elements, such as vanadium, aluminum, zirconium, and niobium, along with employing a porous structure.
Porosity allows implant developers to overcome one of the main drawbacks of titanium alloys: their excessive rigidity, which can lead to uneven pressure distribution between the implant and the surrounding bone. Russian materials scientists have optimized the conditions for manufacturing three such porous materials with different structures using 3D laser printing technology.
Vadim Sheremetev, head of the alloys laboratory at MISIS University, added: "We chose a printing technology window that allows for the reduction of defects and the preservation of the specific geometry of thin porous elements, taking into account not only the material, but also the interrelationship between the alloy, the microstructure and properties. For porous implants, it is important to ensure manufacturing accuracy, appropriate rigidity and resistance to long-term cyclic stresses simultaneously."
Initial experiments with implants printed in this way helped scientists select the optimal pore structure and material engineering based on titanium, zirconium, and niobium, ensuring a suitable combination of durability, porosity, and resistance to cyclic pressure, compared to current implants based on titanium, aluminum, and vanadium alloys.
This development should contribute in the future to making implants more reliable and compatible with patients' bones.
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