Gene therapy trials have been successful in partially restoring sight in people with hereditary blindness, with some of them being able to distinguish light and locate objects better after treatment.
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According to the New England Journal of Medicine, the tests involved ten people with retinitis pigmentosa—a genetic disease in which the retinal cells responsible for perceiving light are gradually damaged. Virtually all participants had complete vision loss.
The tests involved injecting a specific gene into the patients' eyes, making the remaining retinal cells sensitive to light. This process was performed using optogenetics. After the procedure, the participants wore special glasses equipped with a camera that converted the surrounding image into light signals that the modified cells could receive.
Treatment results showed improved light sensitivity in seven out of ten patients, with six experiencing clinically significant improvement. Some participants also became more able to observe, locate, and reach objects with greater accuracy. This improvement persisted for months and even years in four patients. Brain activity studies also demonstrated that the visual cortex received and processed visual information. This suggests that even after prolonged vision loss, the brain remains capable of processing new visual cues.
However, according to the researchers, the patients did not fully regain their sense of sight, as they remained unable to see or read normally.
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