The atmosphere rotates slightly faster than the Earth's surface, and global warming is increasing this difference.
Scientists say that Earth's atmosphere is not rigidly connected to its surface, and therefore rotates slightly ahead of the Earth's surface. Climate scientists have calculated that global warming is accelerating this scientifically known phenomenon.
The calculations of climate scientists on this matter were published in the journal "npj Climate and Atmospheric Science".
Three climate models, under high-emission scenarios, showed that the Hadley cell, an atmospheric "heat engine" between the equator and subtropics, expands toward the poles, while jet streams intensify and ocean winds weaken. As a result, the atmosphere's angular momentum increases, and momentum exchange between it and the Earth's solid surface decreases.
As a result, the air moves faster, while the planet's surface does not "catch up" with it, so it rotates a little slower.
This study builds upon previous work on the angular momentum dynamics of the atmosphere (AAM). An increase in this index was expected, but the reason remained unclear: was it solely due to stronger winds, or was there a deeper atmospheric dynamic reconfiguration at play?
Using large-scale collective climate simulators for three different global models, the study authors examined how the atmospheric cycle would evolve in a high-emissions scenario, and arrived at a consistent and physically coherent picture, which is illustrated in the following points:
The Hadley cell, as a semi-permanent vortex acting as a heat engine between the equator and subtropical regions, expands towards the poles.
Subtropical jet streams intensify.
Tropical sea winds weaken.
The zonal winds intensify in the upper layer of the troposphere.
The study's lead author, Susmit Subhranchu Satpathy of Busan University, said that while all of this is incomparable to the influence of the moon or processes occurring deep within the Earth, it is important as a persistent signal resulting from climate change.
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