Scientists have tested a plant-based biofilter capable of efficiently absorbing carbon dioxide from the air. The experiment showed that the concentration of carbon dioxide dropped below the level of ambient air.
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According to scientists, the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere is gradually increasing, and projections indicate that by 2076 it could reach 936 parts per million, equivalent to 936 cubic centimeters of carbon dioxide per cubic meter of air. This level is currently around 420 parts per million.
This situation is of great concern to city dwellers who spend more than 90 percent of their time indoors, as carbon dioxide concentrations inside buildings typically reach 700-1000 parts per million. While conventional ventilation systems can equalize indoor carbon dioxide levels with those in the outside air, they cannot reduce them below this level. The higher the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the less effective it becomes to supply buildings with fresh air from the outside.
According to the journal Energy and Buildings, a team of researchers from several American universities and the company Buru Happold proposed an alternative solution based on this data. Their study demonstrated that biofilters based on plants and microorganisms are capable of reducing the level of carbon dioxide in indoor air to a level lower than its concentration in outdoor air.
These systems work through photosynthesis, whereby plants absorb carbon dioxide directly from the air inside the building, a task that traditional ventilation and air conditioning systems cannot perform.
The researchers point out that the design solutions are relatively simple, but factors such as airflow and lighting can significantly affect the efficiency of these systems. This finding explains why the results of other studies in this field sometimes vary, as the efficiency of biofilters depends heavily on environmental engineering indicators. This data can now be used to design more reliable and predictable solutions.
According to the researchers, the additional benefits of plant systems are not limited to reducing carbon dioxide levels, but also extend to positively influencing the microbial composition of indoor air.
The results of this work are scheduled to be presented at the "Light Cities" conference held at the American Institute of Architects in New York City, which will bring together scientists, designers and government officials to develop practical approaches for integrating green technologies into urban and built environments.
It should be noted that this group includes specialists in architecture, building systems, air chemistry, plant ecology, and computer modeling.
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