Scientific research reveals that microplastic particles have become an invisible part of human daily food, not only through seafood, but from multiple unexpected food sources.
Surprising sources of microplastics in our daily food
Here are five surprising food sources of microplastics:
chewing gum
Chewing gum is one of the most unexpected sources of pollution, as most types are made from a plastic or rubber base with added sweeteners and flavorings. During chewing, microplastic particles are released; one gram of gum can release up to 637 particles. Natural and synthetic gums are not significantly different, suggesting that the pollution is also linked to manufacturing and packaging processes. The majority of these particles are released within the first few minutes of chewing.
salt
Despite its apparent simplicity, global tests have shown that 94% of salt products are contaminated with microplastics. Contamination is higher in earth salts, such as Himalayan salt, compared to sea salt, and much of the contamination is likely due to the production and packaging processes. Plastic salt mills also contribute to increased exposure, as they can release thousands of particles during use.
Chewing gum releases hundreds of plastic particles into the mouth!
Fruits and vegetables
Recent studies have shown that microplastics, especially nanoparticles, can penetrate plants through their roots or settle on their surfaces. Apples and carrots recorded the highest levels of contamination, while lettuce had lower levels. Although these levels are lower than those found in processed foods, the health benefits of fruits and vegetables, which are rich in antioxidants, still outweigh the potential risks.
Tea, coffee, and hot drinks
Pollution isn't limited to plastic tea bags; it also includes loose-leaf tea and coffee, as well as single-use plastic cups. High temperatures cause plastic particles to migrate from packaging into beverages, making hot drinks more contaminated than cold ones. Studies have also shown that the type of packaging, whether plastic or glass, can affect the level of contamination, sometimes due to coated metal lids.
seafood
Despite the widespread discussion about seafood contamination with microplastics, levels in some organisms, such as mussels, remain much lower compared to other sources, such as preparing tea using plastic bags, which can release billions of particles into a single cup.
How can exposure be reduced?
The high levels of microplastics are linked to storing food in plastic containers and excessive consumption of processed foods, so it's advisable to reduce their use and heat food in glass or metal containers. Replacing bottled water with tap water is also an effective step, as bottled water can contain up to 240,000 microplastic particles per liter.
Although it is difficult to completely eliminate plastic from the diet, adopting simple and thoughtful habits can significantly reduce exposure to these invisible particles.
The report was prepared by Catherine Rolfe – Lecturer in Environmental Engineering, The Open University.
