Dr. Svetlana Burnatskaya, an occupational health specialist, points out that many drugs can cause drowsiness as a result of their effect on the central nervous system.
According to the specialist, first-generation antihistamines can cross the blood-brain barrier and block histamine receptors—the substance responsible for maintaining alertness. In contrast, sedatives and muscle relaxants enhance the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which reduces the activity of the nervous system.
She says: "As a result, the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex slows down, muscle tension decreases, and a natural feeling of drowsiness occurs. This is an expected pharmacological effect."
It indicates that the severity of drowsiness depends on individual factors, including age, metabolic rate, liver and kidney function, body weight, and co-existing medical conditions. Older adults, whose bodies metabolize medications more slowly, are considered more sensitive to these drugs.
According to her, drivers, operators of complex equipment, and patients with obstructive sleep apnea, hypothyroidism, and severe depression are at higher risk. Therefore, they should avoid medications with a strong sedative effect.
Mild drowsiness during the first few days of treatment may be a normal response. However, severe weakness, confusion, or involuntary daytime sleepiness warrants a doctor's consultation.
She says: "If drowsiness increases after a week of treatment, or is accompanied by dizziness, the treatment plan should be reconsidered. If the medication cannot be stopped, it is important to take the necessary precautions - take the medication before bedtime, discuss the dosage with the doctor, avoid heavy dinners, and maintain a normal sleep pattern."
The doctor warns against common mistakes made by patients, such as consuming caffeine and energy drinks, changing the dosage without consulting a doctor, or not taking the medication regularly, because these actions may reduce the effectiveness of the medication and increase the burden on the body.
According to her, the best strategy is to regularly monitor the patient's condition, record symptoms in a diary, and discuss any changes with the treating physician.
