Love may not be just a mysterious emotion, but a complex system that can be understood and studied using mathematical models, according to an international research team.
Professor Laurent Boujard-Mignoy of the University of Lyon and his colleagues have developed mathematical models that treat emotional relationships as dynamic systems, to study how emotions change over time, how they respond to stress, and how they recover or regress.
"There is no mystical magic or magic potion," says Bogar-Miniwai in his book "Love! Courage! Equations!". "We are not trying to predict who you will fall in love with, but rather trying to understand why some couples remain stable despite life's shocks, while others slowly fall apart."
These mathematical ideas originated from studying animal populations, such as rabbits and predators, where scientists developed equations to describe how populations grow or die out. Researchers found that the same principles could be applied to romantic relationships, particularly the concept of a "critical threshold" below which feelings fall, making it difficult for the relationship to survive
According to Bojar-Miniway, every relationship has a minimum emotional strength required to remain stable. If feelings fall below this threshold and remain there, the mathematical model predicts the inevitable breakdown of the relationship. However, knowing this threshold gives couples the opportunity to identify danger zones and take corrective action.
He adds that there are three factors that determine the stability of the relationship: the partners' attraction to each other, the natural decline of feelings over time, and how each party responds emotionally to the other.
Researchers are considering combining these mathematical models with artificial intelligence to create an early warning system for relationships, which would warn couples when a relationship begins to veer towards collapse, giving them time to correct course.
"Think of it as a navigation device," says Bogar-Miniway. "It shows you where you are and where you're going, and suggests ways to get to what you want. The models don't tell you who you love, but they help you understand how love develops and what you can do to protect it."
Researchers emphasize that these models have limitations. Most of them were developed from patterns found in Western relationships, and the reasons for the success or failure of relationships may vary between cultures, religions, and social conditions.
Humans also do not always behave as expected; they may change their habits, seek therapy, or mature in ways that equations cannot predict.
Therefore, equations only show trends, not definitive predictions. As Bogar-Miniway explains, "Mathematics can show you the way, but ultimately, the success of a relationship depends on two people choosing each day to nurture their connection. Equations show you the path, but you have to walk it together."
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