A large-scale study revealed that about one-third of people with type 2 diabetes may develop heart failure, kidney disease, or die within five years of being diagnosed with the disease.
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While this percentage rises to more than 55% over ten years.
These results highlight the importance of early detection of the disease and control of associated risk factors, including obesity, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar and cholesterol levels, in order to reduce the likelihood of serious complications.
Researchers from the University of Glasgow analyzed data from more than 1.6 million people in the United States who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between 2010 and 2024.
The average age of the participants was 59 years, while the average body mass index was 31 for those whose data was available, a level that falls within the obesity range.
The study showed that one in five patients developed chronic kidney disease within five years of their diabetes diagnosis. It also revealed that individuals who developed heart failure were 42% more likely to develop chronic kidney disease in the following five years, while the risk of heart failure increased by 23% among those who had kidney disease first.
Professor Naveed Sattar, the lead researcher in the study, said that the results show how the complications associated with type 2 diabetes increase over time, noting that obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia and high sugar levels can damage blood vessels and vital organs.
He added that diagnosing and treating the disease as soon as possible and comprehensively can help reduce the risk of these complications.
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not respond properly to insulin or does not produce enough of it, leading to high blood sugar levels.
The complications of diabetes are not limited to the heart and kidneys; a growing number of studies indicate a link between the disease and several types of cancer. Another study showed that women with type 2 diabetes face a 22% higher risk of developing cancer compared to those without the disease, while the increase for men is 12%.
Since most cases of type 2 diabetes are linked to weight gain, research is also increasing on weight-loss medications, such as Wegovy and Mounjaro, which are used to help reduce weight and control blood sugar levels. Research suggests these medications may reduce the risk of kidney disease by 24%.
According to the researchers, the study confirms that dealing with type 2 diabetes should not be limited to controlling blood sugar levels, but should include early detection of the disease, control of risk factors, and regular monitoring of heart and kidney health.
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