Researchers from China analyzed data from 18,429 people aged 40 and over, based on the results of 124 previous studies, to determine the types of exercise that are most beneficial for bone health.
Bone mineral density is a key indicator of bone strength, and its decline with age is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures.
The results showed that brisk walking or jogging were among the activities most strongly associated with improved bone mineral density, and that combining aerobic and resistance training yielded notable benefits, although the effect varied between areas of the skeleton.
The researchers found that exercising around 600 units of "metabolic equivalent of task" (MET) per week is associated with tangible benefits for bone health, roughly equivalent to two to three hours of brisk walking or jogging per week
The study also indicated that some aerobic and mind-body exercises, such as yoga, may be associated with a reduced risk of fractures, but the evidence regarding this aspect was less clear.
The response to exercise was not equal among all participants, with greater benefits seen in middle-aged people and those with a healthy weight, while it was less in older people and those who were overweight or obese.
These findings are of particular importance given the prevalence of osteoporosis, which affects millions of people worldwide and may not be discovered until a fracture occurs.
Researchers indicate that regular exercise may help reduce the decline in bone health and lower some of the risk of fractures with age, but they stress the need for more research to determine the most appropriate dose and type of exercise for each group.
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