Scientists from the University of Copenhagen have discovered that the transport protein "SLC25A34" links the body's biological clock to weight loss.
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Science magazine explains how brown fat synchronizes calorie burning with biological rhythms, temperature, and nutrition, and how the transport protein "SLC25A34" acts as a key switch, opening new horizons for treating diabetes and obesity.
According to the journal, researchers studied proteins in brown fat cells that respond to the time of day and low temperatures. They discovered that levels of the protein SLC25A34 increased 90-fold in mice exposed to cold throughout the day. This transporter was also found to respond to three separate signals: the biological clock, temperature, and high-fat foods.
During sleep, a specific regulatory protein keeps this system inactive, then activates it before waking. However, if the animal is exposed to cold, low temperatures can activate this switch at any time, prompting the body to generate heat and burn calories. The third signal comes from stored body fat or fat consumed with food, which also activates the gene.
Researchers discovered that the protein "SLC25A34" maintains a paradoxical cycle: the cell produces new fat molecules to be burned immediately in order to provide warmth and purify the blood of excess sugar. When this transporter is disrupted, the process stops, and the tissues' ability to burn energy drops sharply.
Experiments on human cells confirmed these findings. Furthermore, an analysis of 24 clinical studies showed that individuals with higher levels of the protein SLC25A34 in their subcutaneous fat tended to be leaner and have healthier metabolisms. However, these results only indicate a statistical, albeit promising, correlation.
Lead researcher Zag Gerhart-Heinz says: "We used to think of temperature, food, and the biological clock as completely separate systems. But the discovered mitochondrial transporter offers hope for developing a treatment that directly changes the body's energy-burning patterns. This is a new approach to treating metabolic diseases."
According to him, brown adipose tissue differs from traditional white adipose tissue in its abundance of mitochondria, the energy centers of cells responsible for energy conversion. Infants have an abundance of mitochondria, which helps them maintain their body temperature immediately after birth. In adults, brown adipose tissue also accumulates in the neck and upper back, where it actively responds to low temperatures and physical exertion.
According to the researchers, this new study provides pharmaceutical scientists with a specific target for developing drugs capable of artificially stimulating weight loss even in a warm room, without the need for strenuous exercise.
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