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Scientists at the Institute of Petroleum Chemistry of the Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences have devised a method to convert plastic into real fuel through a chemical reaction involving heating to 475 degrees Celsius.
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“The essence of this method lies in breaking down long hydrocarbon chains at high temperatures,” says researcher Ulyana Frolova from the institute. “This is similar to how light petroleum derivatives are extracted from heavy petroleum derivatives. The mechanism of the process is similar in both cases, where the long polymer chains in plastic break down, just as in petroleum hydrocarbons, to become a liquid product. The only difference is the initial state of agglomeration—the solid plastic turns into a liquid under the influence of heat. Our goal is to organize the recycling of plastics and turn waste into a valuable resource.”
According to the newsletter "Science in Siberia," the fuel production process has become almost waste-free thanks to a technology developed by chemists. The main advantage lies in the use of solid carbon residues—coke—which are usually discarded.
Scientists use coke as a catalyst directly in the reactor, increasing processing efficiency and boosting gasoline production. Furthermore, the plastic is sulfur-free, significantly reducing its atmospheric impact because hydrogen sulfide is not produced during its manufacturing process.
Experts are extracting various types of fuel from waste, including hydrogenated diesel fuel that meets Category 0 winter specifications and is suitable even for harsh conditions. They propose using coke, a byproduct, not only as a catalyst but also as an absorbent. This approach could help solve the plastic waste problem while simultaneously providing a valuable resource.
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