This march marked the high point of the "Acampamento Terra Livre" (a gathering for autonomy and the demarcation of Indigenous lands), held from April 6 to 11, 2026, which brought together nearly 7,000 participants from more than 200 Indigenous peoples. Indigenous leaders, including Marinete Tukano, called for concrete measures, arguing that delays in land demarcation expose communities and undermine their rights. They noted that some twenty territories were recognized between 2023 and the end of 2025, after four years without progress, but considered this progress insufficient given the number of applications still pending. At the same time, powerful rural and mining lobbies are pushing for a relaxation of the rules, particularly through the concept of a "temporal framework," which would limit rights to lands occupied before 1988 and pave the way for the expansion of agriculture and mining on claimed territories. Despite these recent advances, many claims remain pending. Congress is also considering new measures that have been strongly criticized by Indigenous and human rights organizations, which see them as a threat to land protection and community safety.
