A new study has revealed a controversial hypothesis about the Great Pyramid of Giza, claiming that its geometric dimensions may include a numerical system related to the cycles of the moon and planets and the measurement of time.
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She explained that the monument was probably designed to be a permanent stone record of the ancient Egyptians’ knowledge of mathematics and astronomy.
Independent researcher Sefi Levy put forward this hypothesis in a study he published in August, noting that what he calls the "code" is not found in inscriptions or hidden writings inside the pyramid, but rather in the mathematical relationships between its height, the length of its base, the angles of its sides, and its overall shape.
According to Levi, performing calculations on these measurements using ratios and fractions known to the ancient Egyptians produces numbers that closely resemble values associated with different astronomical cycles. One example he cites is the number 27.5, which approximates the 27.55-day interval between two consecutive lunar passes through perigee, the point in the moon's orbit closest to Earth.
One of his calculations shows a result of 70, which the researcher links to the approximate period during which the star Sirius disappeared from the dawn sky due to its apparent proximity to the sun, before reappearing. He also connects this same number to a period of approximately 70 days associated with the mummification process in ancient Egypt, while acknowledging that this similarity does not prove an intentional connection between the two phenomena.
Levi also points to other correspondences that he sees as related to the apparent cycles of planets such as Jupiter, Saturn, Venus and Mars.
To test the likelihood of these patterns appearing by chance, the researcher created 100,000 virtual models of pyramids inspired by Old Kingdom architecture, varying the lengths of the bases and the angles of inclination. According to the simulation results, 2,419 models, or about 2.4%, achieved a number of matches equal to or exceeding those found in the Great Pyramid.
Levi believes the result makes coincidence less likely, but the test does not constitute independent confirmation of his theory, and one of the more rigorous comparisons proved inconclusive. The researcher also acknowledged that some numerical matches emerged after the measurements and values he was seeking to compare them with were known.
This hypothesis differs from the prevailing interpretation in Egyptology, which holds that the Great Pyramid was built approximately 4,500 years ago as a funerary monument for King Khufu. This interpretation is supported by a body of archaeological evidence, including the granite sarcophagus found inside the pyramid and the surrounding funerary complex and royal tombs.
Levi’s argument does not stop at astronomical calculations, as he suggests that the shape of the pyramid may also be related to the Heliopolitan creation myth, which speaks of the emergence of the first land from primordial waters, represented by the “Benben” hill, which was associated with the beginning of creation.
The researcher suggests that this perception may be based on an older geographical memory, proposing the "Eye of the Sahara" in Mauritania as a possible homeland for the distant ancestors of the Egyptians. He posits that the region was once wetter, and that human groups may have migrated eastward toward the Nile Valley as the Sahara dried up, carrying with them memories of their ancient homeland.
However, there is no direct archaeological evidence linking the "Eye of the Desert" to the Great Pyramid, or proving that a migration of this kind actually took place.
The study, published on the SSRN and Zenodo platforms and not subject to independent scientific review, remains an intriguing attempt to reinterpret the Great Pyramid by combining geometry, mathematics, astronomy and Egyptian mythology, but it does not yet provide conclusive evidence of a deliberate astronomical "code" in its dimensions.
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