A new study has revealed that the loss of muscle mass and strength with age may be an important indicator of an increased risk of developing dementia.
Researchers from Curtin University analyzed more than 80 studies examining the relationship between body weight, body fat, muscle health, and dementia. They found that people with sarcopenia, a condition characterized by muscle atrophy, were 42% more likely to develop dementia. Sarcopenia is a condition in which a person gradually loses muscle mass, strength, and physical function, and it is often associated with aging.
The study, published in the International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, showed that the impact of obesity on dementia risk varies by age group. Obesity in middle-aged individuals (those under 65) was associated with a 9% increased risk of dementia. Conversely, obesity in individuals aged 65 and older was associated with a 17% decreased risk.
Lead researcher Dr. Yurayporn Puranasusakul from Purava University said the findings show that body weight alone does not provide a complete picture of dementia risk.
He added: "It's not just about weight, but it seems that maintaining muscle strength and function becomes important with age. Our results suggest that muscle loss may be an important warning sign of dementia risk."
The researcher stressed the importance of maintaining muscle health throughout life, noting that regular physical activity and good nutrition can help support muscle strength and function.
The researchers also investigated sarcopenic obesity, which combines low muscle mass or impaired muscle function with increased body fat. Based on only four studies that met the analysis criteria, they found no statistically significant association between this condition and dementia.
The study's lead author, Professor Mario Cervo of the Curtin School of Population Health, said the findings confirm that the relationship between body weight, aging, and dementia is complex and requires further long-term studies to understand the impact of changes in muscle and body fat over time.
The study was led by researchers from the Centre of Excellence for Population Health and Dementia at Curtin University, in collaboration with researchers from Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, Thailand and Italy.
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