A new study suggests that experimental weight-loss drugs may soon surpass Mongaro, after showing promising results in helping patients lose about a quarter of their weight in less than a year.
Trials showed that the drug ritatrotide, nicknamed "Godzilla," helped patients lose approximately 25% of their body weight over 48 weeks, while amicritin achieved similar results in just 36 weeks. Both drugs are still undergoing trials and have not yet received approval for widespread use.
In contrast, Mongaro (the most potent weight-loss injection currently available), which contains the active ingredient terzepate, helps patients lose more than 20% of their body weight after approximately 17 months of treatment. Semaglutide injections, such as Wegovi and Ozempic, can achieve weight loss of up to 18.7% over a similar period.
Researchers from McGill University and the Jewish General Hospital of Montreal conducted a review of 38 clinical trials involving more than 25,000 participants, with the aim of comparing the effectiveness and safety of weight loss drugs.
Researchers believe that the different mechanisms of action of these drugs partially explain their varying weight-loss effectiveness. Semaglutide mimics the hormone GLP-1, which promotes satiety and reduces appetite, while terzepate targets both GLP-1 and GIP. GIP helps regulate appetite and blood sugar levels.
Retatrotide targets three hormonal pathways: GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon (in addition to its role in regulating blood sugar levels, glucagon is associated with increased energy consumption by the body, which may help with weight loss), while Amikritin targets the hormones GLP-1 and amylin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas after eating, which helps with satiety, slows down gastric emptying, and regulates blood sugar levels.
Experts believe that targeting more than one pathway may help achieve greater weight loss.
However, these medications can cause side effects, most notably nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. 76% of those who received weight-loss medications reported gastrointestinal side effects, compared to 40% of those who received a placebo, while approximately 10% had to discontinue treatment.
The study also recorded rare cases of bile duct disorders, pancreatitis, and psychological disorders, in addition to six deaths.
The study's findings were published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, but the researchers noted that clinical trial designs vary, meaning the results cannot be directly compared between all drugs.
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