There are many causes of lung cancer. While the disease is mainly associated with smoking, cases are also recorded among people who have never smoked, as a result of possible environmental and genetic factors.
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The main factors that may increase the risk of lung cancer in non-smokers include
Vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, and wildfire smoke all contribute to air pollution, which can increase the risk of lung cancer. Radon, a gas that can seep from the soil into homes through cracks, also poses a health risk when inhaled for extended periods. It can be detected through specialized air quality tests.
Asbestos has been used in building materials, insulation, and fire-resistant applications. Inhaling its airborne fibers from damaged materials during maintenance or renovation can lead to lung cancer and mesothelioma, a rare type of cancer. It is advised not to handle materials suspected of containing asbestos without consulting a professional.
The dangers of smoking are not limited to smokers; inhaling secondhand smoke can increase the risk of lung cancer in nonsmokers by 20% to 30%, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Children are among the most vulnerable to this exposure.
Certain gene mutations may increase the risk of lung cancer, even in non-smokers. Research suggests that the EGFR T790M mutation is associated with a higher risk of the disease, highlighting the role of genetic factors alongside environmental ones.
A study of more than 101,000 adults found that high consumption of ultra-processed foods was associated with a 41% increased risk of lung cancer. However, the study does not prove that these foods directly cause the disease, so further research is needed.
Experts recommend following a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, limiting ultra-processed foods, avoiding secondhand smoke, and minimizing exposure to pollutants as much as possible.
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