The Russian Ministry of Education and Science announced that scientists from Tyumen State University have recovered the genomes of more than 100 unknown bacteria from permafrost in western Siberia.
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Researchers from the Institute of Cell Symbiosis of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences also participated in the study.
It is worth noting that over 99% of microorganisms cannot be cultured in the laboratory. Scientists refer to this part of the microbial world as microbial dark matter, a term derived from dark matter in astrophysics. Modern methods allow for the reconstruction of genomes of some microbes from the DNA mixture found in the permafrost of the Nadym region in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, where the permafrost is up to 40,000 years old. This has made it possible to extract individual genomes of non-culturable microbes from the general genetic reservoir and study them.
No genome matched any known species. Known genera constitute only 6% in permafrost, while in modern soils they constitute 47%.
However, there are many genes that code for antibiotics and other natural substances. There are also genes similar to those for darobacterin, an antibiotic discovered in 2019.
Alexey Vasilchenko, head of the Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory at the Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology of Tyumen State University, noted that "many of the discovered clusters have no known analogues among known compounds. They are potential sources of new antibiotics, antifungals, and stress protectants." The study's authors believe that ancient microbes will aid in the development of new drugs.
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