A Chinese quantum computer solved a problem in just 25 microseconds, a feat that would have taken the most powerful conventional supercomputer, El Capitan, 10⁴² years to complete.
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This is a very important achievement that demonstrates what is called "quantum computing supremacy," as a quantum computer solves a given problem much more efficiently than a traditional computer.
The Jiuzhang 4.0 quantum computer has set the new record. This device performs calculations using particles of light, or more precisely, photons. It was used for Gaussian bosonic sampling (GBS), a process in which a sample of photons is measured after passing through a complex branching structure of mirrors and light dividers within the computer.
Previous records for this problem involved fewer than 300 photons, but Jiuzhang used 3,090 particles in this instance. This represents a tenfold improvement and indicates a significant increase in computing power. The experiment's authors estimate that a modern algorithm running on the world's most powerful supercomputer, El Capitan, with its incredible speed of 10 to the power of 18 operations per second, would need 10⁴² years to replicate Jiuzhang's achievement of 25.6 microseconds.
"Unfortunately, no, because in this case we are talking about a special experimental problem that allows us to demonstrate the enormous potential of the quantum system," said Alexei Fedorov, Director General of the Russian Quantum Center, in an interview with Rossiyskaya Gazeta. "But the next preliminary step is necessary, which is to achieve superiority, not in experimental tasks, but in useful and specific tasks. Today, early quantum models are already performing these tasks, but they have not yet been able to demonstrate their superiority over classical computers. To move forward, algorithms must be developed, the number of qubits (knowing that a qubit is a unit of data in a quantum computer, and the equivalent of a bit in a classical computer) must be increased, and the accuracy of their operations must be improved. Significant progress has been made in all these directions."
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