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They also developed an experimental drug that may mimic some of the benefits of physical activity
Experiments conducted on female mice showed that exercising on a treadmill for a month helped maintain a greater number of ovarian follicles, which are structures containing immature eggs.
The researchers also tested the drug AdipoRon, which helped mice reproduce up to 15 months of age, compared to about 12 months in most untreated mice.
Researchers found that exercise increased levels of the protein adiponectin, which may play a role in maintaining ovarian function. Conversely, reducing the production of this protein in mice led to a 76% decrease in the protective effect of exercise against the loss of primordial follicles.
The study also included human data, showing that higher physical activity was associated with delayed menopause in women in the UK, while genetic variants related to adiponectin were associated with a delay of about a month in a group of participants.
The results are still preliminary and do not prove that exercise directly prevents or delays menopause. Furthermore, the drug adipurone is still in the preclinical stage and requires further testing before it can be tried on humans.
Researchers believe that physical activity and adiponectin may represent promising pathways for understanding ovarian aging and developing future interventions to help maintain reproductive health.
The study, led by researchers from Guangzhou Medical University in China, was published in the journal Nature Aging.
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