Russian scientists have concluded that the effectiveness of nanoparticles capable of suppressing sepsis depends not only on the properties of the drug, but also on the fluid balance in the patient's body, glucose concentration, and other vital signs.
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“Even a relatively small change in physiological condition can affect several processes at once, and thus affect the effectiveness of nanomedicines,” says Alessandro Parodi, a researcher at the Sirius Scientific Center for Translational Medicine. “This means that in the future, when creating such drugs, it will be necessary to consider not only the properties of the particles themselves, but also the patient’s condition.”
According to scientists, sepsis—blood poisoning—is one of the most dangerous complications of infection and immune system dysfunction because it is life-threatening. It involves widespread destruction of immune cells by toxins present in the membranes of microbes that have entered the bloodstream. These substances trigger a strong inflammatory response, leading to disruption of blood vessel function and the immune system.
Russian scientists suggest that these diseases could be alleviated using specialized molecules that mimic the TGF-beta protein, which plays a pivotal role in triggering the reactions associated with the onset of sepsis. To achieve this, it is essential to develop a reliable delivery system for these molecules to cells and tissues, ensuring the drug reaches the target site quickly without harming healthy cells.
Based on this, the researchers studied the properties and stability of several classes of nanoparticles theoretically capable of performing this role, including albumin protein nanostructures, silicon dioxide and germanium nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, and tobacco mosaic virus-based particles. They then monitored the release of pharmaceutical compounds from these nanoparticles under conditions similar to those found in the body.
These experiments demonstrated that albumin nanoparticles possessed superior properties and revealed a surprisingly strong effect of the experimental animals' condition on particle distribution within the body. Specifically, dehydration led to greater accumulation of particles in the liver and lungs, while high glucose levels resulted in increased accumulation in the spleen and kidneys. Scientists concluded that considering these differences will help make future sepsis drugs more effective and safer.
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