This innovation is expected to provide a safer alternative to traditional anticoagulants, according to a report published in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.
The researchers explained in their study: "We have created nanoparticles that inhibit the production of oxidants when the walls of blood vessels are damaged, thus preventing platelet activation and limiting clot formation. Our experiments have shown that these nanostructures accumulate mainly in the damaged areas of the vessels and have a better safety profile than currently used clinical anticoagulants."
The research was led by Professor Liang Xingjie from the China National Center for Nanotechnology and Science in Beijing, where the team relied on studying the link between blood vessel damage and the accumulation of oxidized molecules that weaken vessel walls and lead to blood coming into contact with collagen protein fibers, which activates platelets and causes clot formation even in the absence of wounds.
To prevent this process, scientists created nanoparticles containing the natural pigment melanin, which is capable of absorbing oxidants, and incorporated catalytic enzymes that neutralize hydrogen peroxide within these particles. This dual structure allows for a longer lifespan for the particles in the bloodstream and precise targeting to sites of vascular damage.
The new technique was tested on mouse models, where researchers damaged arteries using laser pulses. The results showed that the nanoparticles prevented or significantly reduced the size of blood clots, without causing bleeding or changes in blood composition.
Scientists believe this technology could pave the way for a new generation of safe nanomedicines to prevent strokes, especially in patients after surgery or those at risk of blood clots.
